{"id":319887,"date":"2014-02-15T18:14:07","date_gmt":"2014-02-15T17:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/blog\/?p=17"},"modified":"2023-08-29T12:17:31","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:17:31","slug":"dossier-cache-ram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/fr\/blog\/dossier-cache-ram\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment mettre un dossier de cache directement dans la RAM ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cette astuce n\u2019est possible que sur les serveurs d\u00e9di\u00e9s.<\/p>

Un syst\u00e8me de cache statique, comme WP Rocket<\/a>, stocke l\u2019ensemble des pages d\u2019un site web sous forme de fichiers HTML.<\/p>

Sans syst\u00e8me de cache, lorsqu\u2019un visiteur acc\u00e8de \u00e0 une page web, WordPress va \u00eatre charg\u00e9 en premier. Ensuite, il interroge la base de donn\u00e9e pour savoir quels sont les plugins et le th\u00e8me a inclure. Enfin, il charge le contenu de la page en cours (toujours \u00e0 l\u2019aide de requ\u00eates dans la base de donn\u00e9e)<\/p>

Ce m\u00e9canisme obligatoire peut quelques fois \u00eatre tr\u00e8s long. Le language SQL (permettant la communication avec la base de donn\u00e9es) est tr\u00e8s souvent un goulet d\u2019\u00e9tranglement.<\/p>

Un syst\u00e8me de cache enregistre chaque page d\u2019un site en fichiers HTML. Ainsi, lorsqu\u2019un visiteur demande une page, c\u2019est le fichier stock\u00e9 qui sera directement affich\u00e9 sans aucune requ\u00eate \u00e0 la base de donn\u00e9e.<\/p>

Les fichiers HTML \u00e9tant stock\u00e9s sur le serveur, la vitesse d\u2019affichage de ces fichiers sera d\u00e9pendante de la vitesse de lecture du disque (et d\u2019\u00e9criture pour la sauvegarde).<\/p>

La meilleure solution \u00e9tant d\u2019avoir un disque SSD sur son serveur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de tr\u00e8s bonnes performances en lecture\/\u00e9criture compar\u00e9 \u00e0 des disques m\u00e9caniques.<\/p>

Probl\u00e8me ? Le SSD a un co\u00fbt plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 et il est encore moins r\u00e9pandu que les disques m\u00e9caniques.<\/p>

Pour  b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de performances en lecture et \u00e9criture des plus int\u00e9ressantes, une solution consiste \u00e0 mettre directement dans la m\u00e9moire vive (RAM) du serveur le dossier de cache. Ce m\u00e9canisme permet de gagner quelques pr\u00e9cieuses millisecondes dans le temps de chargement.<\/p>

C\u2019est une pratique courante qu\u2019on limite au fichiers de faible importance. En effet, un red\u00e9marrage du serveur provoque la suppression de tout le contenu pr\u00e9sent dans la RAM. On appelle cela l\u2019absence de persistance<\/strong>.<\/p>

\u00c9tant r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s automatiquement la perte des fichiers de cache est sans gravit\u00e9.<\/p>

Comment  fait-on en pratique ?<\/h2>

Nous allons tout simplement cr\u00e9er un volume tmpfs<\/strong> puis le monter sur notre serveur.<\/p>

Tmpfs est un syst\u00e8me de fichiers qui vient directement se loger dans la m\u00e9moire vive, pr\u00e9vu initialement pour les fichiers temporaires (tmp) comme son nom l\u2019indique.<\/p>

Attention, les commandes suivantes n\u00e9cessitent un acc\u00e8s SSH et des privil\u00e8ges root.<\/p>

Voici la commande :<\/p>

\n\t
mount -t tmpfs -o size=1G tmpfs \/monsite\/wp-content\/cache\/wp-rocket<\/code><\/pre> 
 <\/div> <\/div><\/div>
Mount pour cr\u00e9er classiquement un point de montage.<\/p>
  • -t pour sp\u00e9cifier le type de dossier<\/li>\n\n
  • -o pour pr\u00e9ciser les options avec notamment size pour lequel j\u2019alloue 1 Giga. J\u2019aurais pu mettre 512M pour 512 Mega.<\/li><\/ul>
    L\u2019option de taille est \u00e0 personnaliser en fonction de la RAM disponible sur votre serveur.<\/p>
    Attention, pensez \u00e0 bien indiquer le chemin complet de votre dossier. Ici , nous sommes dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se o\u00f9 notre site serait stocker directement \u00e0 la racine de notre serveur.<\/p>
    Le dossier de cache sera mont\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on temporaire seulement et ne sera pas mont\u00e9 au prochain red\u00e9marrage.<\/p>
    Pour le monter automatiquement, il suffit de modifier le fichier fstab (\/etc\/fstab) et d\u2019ajouter :<\/p>
    \n\t
     
    tmpfs \/monsite\/wp-content\/cache\/wp-rocket tmpfs defaults,size=1G 0 0<\/code><\/pre> 
     <\/div> <\/div><\/div>
    Attention : pensez \u00e0 bien modifier le r\u00e9pertoire et la taille allou\u00e9e et voil\u00e0.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    D\u00e9couvrez comment ajouter son dossier de cache directement dans la m\u00e9moire vive de son serveur d\u00e9di\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":319038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"kia_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-319887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cache-wordpress"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMonter dossier de cache en RAM avec tmpfs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/fr\/blog\/dossier-cache-ram\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monter dossier de cache en RAM avec tmpfs\" 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