{"id":815706,"date":"2018-10-09T11:30:56","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T09:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/?p=815706"},"modified":"2021-07-29T10:28:24","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:28:24","slug":"conduct-accessibility-audit-wordpress-site","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/blog\/conduct-accessibility-audit-wordpress-site\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Conduct an Accessibility Audit of Your WordPress Site"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/fundamentals\/accessibility-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Website accessibility<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is something of a buzzphrase that most developers and designers <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">know<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is really important and is something they should do, but don\u2019t really know how to get started or have the time to put processes in place, so they simply put it off.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fact is, websites that don\u2019t make accessibility a priority are a lawsuit waiting to happen. A 2011 survey by the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/fact-sheet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pew Research Center<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that 2%, or 4.7 million, American adults said they suffered from a disability or illness that made it difficult or impossible for them to use the internet. The U.S. Department of Justice, acting on behalf of these citizens, has sued and negotiated millions of dollars in settlements with big brands<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/karlgroves.com\/2011\/11\/15\/list-of-web-accessibility-related-litigation-and-settlements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as Target, Disney and Netflix<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, for not designing their site to accommodate the browsing needs of disabled customers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to law firms<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adatitleiii.com\/2018\/01\/2017-website-accessibility-lawsuit-recap-a-tough-year-for-businesses\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seyfarth Shaw<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=52e1d0e2-043b-45bd-9163-73923f387a59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goulston &amp; Storrs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the recent surge in website accessibility lawsuits brought under the Americans with Disabilities Act show<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adatitleiii.com\/2018\/02\/ada-title-iii-lawsuits-increase-by-14-percent-in-2017-due-largely-to-website-access-lawsuits-physical-accessibility-legislative-reform-efforts-continue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">no signs slowing down<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While outside of the U.S., momentum is growing for greater web accessibility, with the European Union setting<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qa-financial.com\/articles\/eu-ready-set-laws-accessibility-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">laws for accessibility testing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But making your website accessible isn\u2019t just about avoiding lawsuits. It\u2019s the right thing to do\u2014designing and developing sites with an eye to inclusivity means that <\/span><b>you value and respect all users and people equally<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With all that in mind, I\u2019m going to walk you through how to conduct an accessibility audit of your website, including tips and tools to help you put in place a process you can use for all your projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Familiarizing Yourself with WCAG 2.0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First things first: Scroll through the W3C\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. There\u2019s a lot to take in, but you don\u2019t need to read it thoroughly, just familiarize yourself with the 12 basic categories and what each entails so you can get a better understanding of what the guidelines involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s no great exaggeration to say that WCAG 2.0 guidelines will touch on almost every part of your website, from code to content to images. But each guideline has a purpose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, some of the WCAG 2.0 guidelines cover:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Basic markup techniques to make your website easily readable by screen readers and other tools.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proper handling of images and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/techniques\/alttext\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alt text.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to properly display and incorporate video into your content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proper use of colors and contrast on your website to ensure accessibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to properly deploy any alternative web pages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structure and setup of your website\u2019s navigation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A website that is WCAG 2.0 compliant must meet a certain threshold of universal accessibility. Knowing where your website stands can be both invaluable and challenging.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>This step will: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Help you get your bearings and understand the scope of work you need to do.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Validating Your Code<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next step is to start looking at the basic code of your website. If you aren\u2019t a developer, this is obviously going to be a challenge. That\u2019s why the W3C provides a valuable <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/validator.w3.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Markup Validation Tool<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to help non-developers get a handle on whether your site is compliant and where there might be more work to do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because the W3C is, essentially, the web\u2019s professional regulatory body, its validation tool is often an informative next step in your website accessibility audit. That said, this tool is not exhaustive and your audit will likely continue through several more steps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Markup Validation Tool will:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test the basic markup of your website, including HTML, XHTML, and SMIL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check all images for required Alt Text markup<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look at the structure of your website to ensure the semantics of your code conforms to WCAG 2.0 compliance standards<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only look at the page of the URL you\u2019ve directed the tool towards; you\u2019ll have to test your website page by page (or by taking a representative sample) to get an idea of your overall compliance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tool won\u2019t test CSS or search for broken links, so you\u2019ll need to use other tools for this. CSS-Tricks has a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/css-tricks.com\/accessibility-testing-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">great guide to accessibility tools<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while there are many<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.org\/plugins\/search\/broken+link\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free plugins in the WordPress.org repository<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that can help you search and replace broken links.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>This step will: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Help you uncover fundamental markup and semantic errors that might be showing up on your pages.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Checking for Screen Reader Compatibility<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since many users with disabilities will likely use<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/webaccess.berkeley.edu\/ask-pecan\/what-is-a-screen-reader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">screen reading technology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to assist in their use of your site, it\u2019s incredibly important that your site performs well when processed through such a tool.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A really simple, fast, and effective way to check whether your site works with a screen reader is to simulate it using tools like<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/chromevox-classic-extensi\/kgejglhpjiefppelpmljglcjbhoiplfn?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ChromeVox Extension<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a chrome extension) or <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.standards-schmandards.com\/projects\/fangs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fangs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (an extension for Firefox). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Screen readers depend on semantically sound code, logically structured content, and clear navigation and buttons. If any of these elements are not implemented properly, a user\u2019s experience with a screen reader can suffer significantly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simulating a screen reader will help you:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gauge how well your site performs when viewed using a proper screen reader, i.e. is your website mostly readable, or is it a nightmare for a screen reader to interpret? <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinpoint breakpoints on your website where code is incorrectly structured or interferes with the user experience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure any custom menus perform correctly in screen reader software.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understand whether your navigation works as it is supposed to with a screen reader.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine whether your content is coherently organized.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See how easily a user employing a screen reader can move through all of your content.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>This step will: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Give you an idea of how well your site performs for users who rely on screen reading software. By default, screen readers will also help draw attention to a wide variety of issues on your site around semantic and page content organization.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"om-ulrdquoprwqcywqbbgci-holder\"><\/div>\n\t<script>(function (d, u, ac) {\n\t\t\tvar s = d.createElement('script')\n\t\t\ts.type = 'text\/javascript'\n\t\t\ts.src = 'https:\/\/a.omappapi.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js'\n\t\t\ts.async = true\n\t\t\ts.dataset.user = u\n\t\t\ts.dataset.campaign = ac\n\t\t\td.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s)\n\t\t})(document, 20440, 'ulrdquoprwqcywqbbgci')<\/script>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Reviewing Your Site Content (Including Video)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no shortage of tools available to help you work through your accessibility audit. In fact, you can find a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/ER\/tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comprehensive list courtesy of the W3C website here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But at this point in an accessibility audit, it\u2019s a good idea to spend some time reviewing the actual content of your site.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When auditing your content, including articles, images, video, podcasts, and other media, there are several questions you might ask yourself:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can you tab through your main navigation? For that matter, can you easily tab through your entire user experience? This function is vital for strong accessibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you shrink and expand your screen, is your off-screen content appropriately disabled? <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are heading tags used appropriately? Heading tags should help organize the structure of your content, forming an easily readable outline.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do all of your videos have captions or subtitles? Audio description of videos is also sometimes desired.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do all of your colors show enough contrast? This is to ensure <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20\/visual-audio-contrast-contrast.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">color-blind users<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> don\u2019t have a confusing user experience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do all of your images have alt text? Alt text is an important descriptive tool for a wide variety of users.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>This step will:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Help you identify strengths and opportunities for the content on your website. From videos to articles, your content should strive to be as accessible as possible. Don&#8217;t forget the close correlation between <a href=\"https:\/\/wp-rocket.me\/blog\/web-accessibility-seo\/\">web accessibility and SEO<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. User Testing<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At this point, you\u2019ve spent a significant amount of time with your website, checking the code and content to see where you might have gaps in your overall accessibility. But the truth is that all of these tools can only tell you so much. There might be issues you simply haven\u2019t thought to look out for. That\u2019s why conducting user tests will provide you with even more invaluable information. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ideally, user tests should be performed by users with disabilities. It\u2019s important that your test users:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify any areas of hardship they encounter, even if they are not covered by other diagnostic or testing tools.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make repeated and thorough attempts to use your website in a variety of ways and in a variety of settings (such as mobile vs. desktop), but with special emphasis placed on the ways in which it feels natural to them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interact with as many custom menus, toggles, and drop-downs as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note any and all issues that may come up, no matter how slight.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>This step will:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Help you get real and valuable feedback about how your site works from an accessibility viewpoint. In theory, you should test your website with every stage of development and improvement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Creating a Checklist of Actionable Tasks<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you\u2019ve gathered all of this information about your website\u2019s accessibility, it\u2019s important to spend some time making your audit actionable. This means spending some time thinking about what your goals are. Do you want your website to be WCAG 2.0 compliant at an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucop.edu\/electronic-accessibility\/standards-and-best-practices\/levels-of-conformance-a-aa-aaa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A or AA level<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? Or do you just want to make a good faith effort to improve accessibility and not worry about compliance?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your answer to that question will influence your approach to task management once your accessibility audit is complete. It\u2019s important to point out, however, that a website that is 99% compliant is not considered compliant.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When developing an accessibility checklist for future website projects, here are a few things to consider:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Break down what tasks are easy to accomplish and which objectives may take more time to implement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note which tasks can be accomplished simply by changing content and which tasks will require a good developer to implement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some tasks may require a specialist or someone with specific experience to enact; those tasks should be noted ahead of time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re developing a timeline in addition to a checklist, make sure to leave room for testing and troubleshooting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be deliberate about which level of compliance you\u2019re aiming to achieve; articulate which tasks are A level, AA level, or even AAA level tasks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Match your checklist to specific compliance criteria so you know what you\u2019re ultimately trying to achieve at every stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>This step will:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Help you stay organized as you begin the process of moving towards compliance. For some, this checklist will be quite fluid, so it\u2019s okay to come back to this step over and over again.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Developing Websites Accessible by Anyone<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the countries like the U.S., compliance with WCAG 2.0 is legally required only for specific types of websites (for example, those associated with public education or government agencies). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=fc102051-1698-4f84-bffc-1c29ef78acf3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But that&#8217;s changing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the onus is on web developers and content creators worldwide to ensure everyone enjoys open and equal access to the web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compliance with WCAG 2.0 can be challenging to achieve. But with good data and strong organization, you can make the processes easier and more manageable. Even if you don\u2019t achieve perfect compliance, you can still make your website easier to use for users with a wide range of abilities. Knowing how to do a website accessibility audit will help you get started\u2014but seeing it through is up to you.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Website accessibility is something of a buzzphrase that most developers and designers know is really important and is something they should do, but don\u2019t really know how to get started or have the time to put processes in place, so they simply put it off. The fact is, websites that don\u2019t make accessibility a priority [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47285,"featured_media":815740,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"kia_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-815706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Conduct an Accessibility Audit of Your WordPress Site<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to get started with an accessibility audit of your website in this step-by-step guide and start developing with an eye for inclusivity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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